Band Students and Parents: The following handbook is not broken into pages for ease of printing. If you would like a copy of this handbook as a Word document, please e-mail at the address below.  I will send the handbook as an e-mail attachment. eveile@heliashs.com   Helias Bands       2009-2010 Band Handbook       Policies and Procedures of the Helias High School Instrumental Music Program               1305 Swifts Hwy. Jefferson City, MO 65109 (573) 635-6139 eveile@heliashs.com users.heliashighschool.com/users/eveile         HELIAS HIGH SCHOOL 1305 Swifts Highway · Jefferson City, MO 65109 573-635-6139 · fax 573-635-5615 www.heliashighschool.com   June 2007   Dear Helias Band Members,   Albert Einstein once said, “If I were not a physicist, I would probably be a musician. I often think in music. I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music.” Don’t we all wish we could be musicians! We often forget the importance of music in our everyday lives-- the way it makes us feel, think, and act. There is a different song, a different sound for each occasion. A song just like a smell or taste takes us back to pleasant memories of our past-- a loved one, a fantastic vacation, or just a wonderful day that will forever be engrained into who we are. Even though I don’t have a musical bone in my body, music is a constant in my life. As I work in my office, music whether it is New Country, 70’s Rock, or Samba is constantly playing through my iPod or computer. As a college athlete, Carlos Santana’s “Carnaval” was a part of my pre-game ritual. Thank you for using your God-given talents in bringing pleasure to us all. I hope you have a wonderful and enjoyable band season. I know we will all take pleasure in the music you play. From the Drum Line to the Color Guard to the Jazz Band and beyond, we look forward to your performances.   God bless you,       Didier Aur, President                           Live Jesus in our Hearts…Forever! Helias High School Music Department Eric Veile ~ 1305 Swifts Hwy ~ Jefferson City, MO 65109 Phone 573/ 635-6139 ~ Fax 573/635-5615 eveile@heliashighschool.com   Dear Students and Parents,   Welcome to another exciting year of the Helias High School Band Program. This year promises to be exciting and successful, as we have a nice mix of grizzled veteran students and talent rookies. In order for this to be a successful year, we will need cooperation and effort from every band member. It is an old cliché, but we truly are only as strong as our weakest link. We need everyone to learn music and drill, as well as give complete effort at every band function. The band this year has the potential to have a high level of success; however, it is now up to you to live up to that potential. Inside this handbook you will find answers, procedures, and policies for the Helias Band Program. We will use these policies throughout the year as a guide to all band activities. As such, I implore that you read this handbook cover to cover. Even those students who are returning from last year should re-read the handbook, as there have been several changes. As you read the handbook, I ask you to pay extra close attention to the following sections: grading procedures (especially the part on non-guaranteed A grades), concert attire, rehearsal and performance procedures, instrument supplies, and fundraising. There are also numerous forms that must be completed by each band student. Of these, the most pressing is the participation contract. By signing this contract each student asserts that he/she will participate for the full year, not dropping band class mid-year or mid-semester. I need all of these contracts back ASAP so I can have final numbers for the marching drill. Any change after drill has been written results in hours of extra work for the band and for me as we fix the change. I look forward to working with you this year. Sincerely, Mr. Eric Veile Introduction   This handbook is intended to serve as a guideline for all activities involving the instrumental music program at Helias High School. While no handbook can cover all situations and events that may occur in the course of a school year, this handbook can be used as a guide to most band functions. If a problem or questions not covered by this handbook should arise, please ask one of your directors for guidance.     Philosophy of Music Education   The instrumental music program at Helias High School is intended to give all participating students a well-rounded experience in music, including a variety of ensembles, music theory, music history, and music performance. A well-rounded music program cannot put the majority of the emphasis and effort into one ensemble, at the downfall of other ensembles. Bands at Helias offer students the opportunity to perform in concert bands, marching bands, and jazz bands, as well as numerous small ensembles. Students are encouraged to participate in as many Helias music ensembles as possible, as well as community ensembles.   While variety is necessary and desirable, the foundation of any successful music program is the concert band. It is in this concert setting that students make the most gains on their instruments and the most learning is able to take place. Marching band is generally the more prestigious ensemble, gaining the band more attention and recognition; however, successful programs have consistently shown that the ability level of the marching band and all other school ensembles is strongly correlated with the emphasis placed on the concert band. There will be a strong emphasis placed on learning in all ensembles in the Helias instrumental music program.   Students who enroll in any of the instrumental ensembles at Helias High School must understand that they are joining a group that has high standards for each member. All members are expected to put forth their best effort to help each ensemble succeed. The band program is oriented towards group goals, not individual goals. Each student’s number one priority is expected to be the success of the group. Success will be determined by the self-discipline displayed by each individual and the group as a whole.   All band students are also expected to do well in all other academic subjects, maintaining a high GPA. While what is considered to be a high GPA varies by student, all students should put forth their best effort in all classes. All students must maintain their academic eligibility to ensure continued participation in the Helias Band Program.     Helias Band Personnel   Eric Veile Director of Bands Thomas Bruton Assistant Director TBD Color Guard Instructor Brian Steever Drumline Instructor   Helias Band Student Officers   Justin Balk Head Drum Major Michel LeRoy Assistant Drum Major Shannon Merciel Apprentice Drum Major Ryan Finke President AJ Feather Vice-President Ben Struemph Secretary/Travel Coordinator   Helias Band Section Leaders Nathan Charbonneau Woodwind Section Leaders Avery Jamerson High Brass Section Leaders Kalen Williams Low Brass Section Leader TBD Drumline Captain TBD Color Guard Captain   Appointed Positions: President, Vice-President, Librarian, Section Leaders, Rank Leaders, and Music Booster Student Representatives.   Elected Positions: Class Representatives (1 per class)   Auditioned position: Drum Major   Band Council: Directors, Appointed Officers, Elected Positions, and Drum Majors. The council will help lead the band, including policy, discipline, and motivation. Any council member may request a meeting.     Music Boosters Officers   Jim Hickman President Peggy Copeland Vice-President Peter LeRoy Treasurer Pat Martin Secretary Jamie Copeland Membership Secretary   Ensembles   The instrumental music program at Helias High School is comprised of numerous ensembles. These include: Concert Band, Marching Band, Jazz Band, Pep Band, Brass Choir, Woodwind Choir, Musical Pit, and Solos/Small Ensembles. For performance and rehearsal dates and times for all ensembles please see the band calendar or the band web page (users.heliashighschool.com/users/eveile).   Concert Band: The Concert Band is required for all students registered for band class. This ensemble meets during the after-school 8th hour from September through December and primarily during school hours from January through May. The Concert Band will perform a minimum of four times during the school year: December Concert, March Concert, State Contest, and May Concert. Students audition for chair placement in the Concert Band.   Marching Band: The Marching Crusaders is the most time intensive ensemble. This group has a two-week band camp in July/August, with additional summer rehearsals on Wednesday evenings and sectionals. During the school year the marching band rehearses four days a week from 3:15-5:15, one night per week from 7:30-8:30, and one sectional per week 7:00-7:45 AM. There is a plethora of performance opportunities during marching season, including home football games and parades. The focus of the marching season is the competitions the band participates in during September and October. At these competitions the band competes against other schools (for judges) in parade or field competitions. All marching members (except color guard) are expected to be registered for band class.   Color Guard: Color Guard is a part of the Marching Band. This group marches with the band while using flags or rifles. The rehearsal schedule is the same as for Marching Band, though additional sectionals may be scheduled. All Color Guard members are encouraged to register for band class during the fall semester.   Jazz Band: The jazz band, which meets from the end of marching season through May, is an audition only band, comprising of saxophones, trombones, trumpets, piano, bass, and percussion. This ensemble rehearses outside of school hours, but, like the Concert Band and Marching Band, is taken for school credit. Performance opportunities vary, including the Living Windows, Concerts (both with the Symphonic Band and separate), and jazz competitions, as well as small group performances. Students must be a member of the Concert Band to participate in Jazz Band (exceptions made for select instruments).   Pep Band: Pep Band is an offshoot of the Concert and Marching Bands. This ensemble performs at selected home basketball games. If enough students elect to participate, this ensemble is voluntary; however, if there are low numbers, participation is mandatory for all students registered for band class.   Brass Choir: Brass Choir, a voluntary ensemble for all brass players, meets outside of school hours. This ensemble allows students to have more focused attention on their instruments, as well as provide additional performance opportunities. This ensemble will only be held as numbers of interested students and available time allow.   Woodwind Choir: Woodwind Choir meets the same criteria as Brass Choir, with woodwinds substituted for brass instruments. This ensemble will only be held as numbers of interested students and available time allow.   Musical Pit: The Musical Pit provides all instrumental accompaniment for the school musical. Rehearsals for this volunteer ensemble are held outside of the school day. Rehearsals are generally held beginning in January until the musical in late-March. Instrumentation varies depending on the needs of that year’s particular musical.   Rehearsal Procedures   Concert Band: Students are expected to be in their assigned seat, ready to play, when the bell rings. To be ready to play instruments should be out and assembled (including reeds on, percussion mallets out, valves oiled, etc). Students who are not prepared to play will be counted tardy. During class we will work on sections of the music with the entire ensemble, small groups, and individuals. When not playing, all students must sit quietly, with absolutely no talking, playing, or wandering around the room. This is a good time to finger through difficult sections of the music. Students are not to work on homework or any non-band related items. This delays rehearsal when it is time to switch groups. If there will be an extended time where some students will not be playing, Mr. Veile may give permission to work on other work. Students may be pulled out of class in small groups or as individuals to work on sections of the music or to take playing tests. At the end of rehearsal all stands are to be put away in the designated area and all music and instruments placed in the appropriate storage space.   Rehearsal does not end when the bell rings, but only when Mr. Veile dismisses the group. On most days the class will be given time to put instruments away before the bell rings. If class runs long students are not to stop playing and run for the instrument closet. If held late, students will be given notes to allow them into 2nd hour. Other procedures will be covered in class and may change as the year progresses.   Students are expected to meet the Helias dress code at all times during in-class rehearsals.   Marching Band: Students are expected to be in their section in the warm-up circle, ready to play, by the designated start of rehearsal. Instruments are to be assembled in working condition at this time. Students who are not ready to play will be counted tardy. Marching band warm-ups will be memorized, thus students will not need music or stands for warm-up.   During rehearsal, students are to stay in their assigned spots at all times. Students are expected to remain quiet, listening to the directors, drum majors, officers, and section leaders for directions. If there will be an extended time when a group of students will not be working they will be given permission to talk quietly and/or move from their assigned spots.   Students are reminded to dress appropriately for rehearsal. Check the weather before dressing and wear marching appropriate shoes. Don’t come out to rehearsal in short sleeves and then ask to get your coat halfway through rehearsal. When in doubt, bring extra clothes and leave them on the sidelines. You will then be able to easily adjust to changing temperatures. This is especially important later in the season when the weather becomes more unpredictable.   For indoor rehearsals we will follow the same procedures as Concert Band.   Other ensembles: Unless students are told otherwise by a director, all other ensembles will follow the rehearsal procedures used by the Concert Band.   Performance Procedures   Concert Band: Concert Band members will be given a specific call-time before all performances. At this time all members should be ready to perform the concert, including instruments ready, all music at hand, and complete concert attire. Students not prepared will be counted tardy.   As Concert Band performances are not held in the band room, percussion equipment, stands, and chairs will need to be moved and set-up for the performance. All percussion section members are expected to help with this process. Other band members will have an opportunity to volunteer to help. If volunteers are scarce, sections of the band will be assigned to a concert and be expected to help at their assigned time. All workers can earn service hours. After the performance all band members are expected to help more equipment back to the music room. Those who do not help will have their grade lowered.   Marching Band: For all marching performances, band members will be given a time to be ready, both ready in uniform and instruments ready to play. Each student, who should know how long it takes for him/her to get ready, is expected to take responsibility for him/herself to be ready at the assigned time.   At the assigned time we will begin warm-up procedures. This procedure may change for each performance. Students should begin in the warm-up circle and wait for further instructions.   Other ensembles: As these performances are widely varied, all performance procedures will be announced before each performance.   Grades   Students registered for Band class or Jazz Band receive grades and class credit. These grades are weighted the same in each student’s GPA and class rank as any other class. Grading criteria varies as each ensemble has its own grading needs. The following is a rough explanation of the grading process, which is always subject to change as needed.   Grade Breakdown   Grades in band class will be a combination of rehearsal points, performances, and playing tests. The exact number of points will be determined as the year progresses, varying based on the number of rehearsals, performances, and tests. This class is not an automatic A; students should not approach it as such. In general performances will be worth more points than rehearsals, as there are fewer performances and they are more important. Concerts are worth more than competitions, which are worth more than football games. In addition to performances, rehearsals, and scale tests, students will be asked to play, for a grade, sections of the music currently being worked on in class. This may be done in private or in front of the entire class. These tests will usually be worth 5 or 10 points.   Rehearsal Point System   At the start of every week all students have 20 points. It is up to each student to keep those points. Deductions can be taken for the following, with the number of points lost up to the Mr. Veile’s discretion:   Disruptive Behavior, Off Task, Tardy, Poor Posture, Chewing Gum/Eating, No Instrument or Music, No Pencil, Unexcused Absences, Other Inappropriate Behavior. Students who habitually lose points may face additional discipline, particularly those who are continually off task or disruptive. Students may ask about their points before or after class, but NEVER during class. Arguing points in class may result in a loss of more points and additional discipline.   Scale Tests   Approximately every two weeks, students will be responsible for a scale playing test. For Freshmen and Sophomore, all sections of this test will come from the band warm-up book – Foundations for Superior Performance. Juniors and Seniors will be given etudes in place of the scale exercises. These tests may be recorded (CD or Tape), either at home or on equipment provided at school, and then turned in by the assigned day. Late recordings will not be accepted. Students may turn in all recordings for a quarter at one time, or turn in recordings for each scale. Students should use the following script:   This is (your name), playing (your instrument). This playing test is for (Scale). [Play Major Scale] The Natural Minor is (Minor Scale) – Freshmen do not have to do Natural Minors [Play Natural Minor] Next is Scale Pattern 1 [Play Top of Scale Pattern 1, then bottom of Scale Pattern 1] Continue through all exercises.   Students will be given a test schedule early in the school year. Tests should be taken on the instrument used for Concert Band.   At-Home Practice   All students must practice at home. At the start of the year rehearsal journals will not be required. If the performance level begins to slip, particularly when new music is begun, additional steps will be taken to encourage practice. Students will not be able to learn all necessary music in class.   As it is very difficult to practice at home without an instrument, no instruments may be left overnight in the music room, except for certain exceptions – after an evening rehearsal or when specified by Mr. Veile. Students who have two instruments, with one left at home, will be given a specific place to leave their school instrument each night. Students who leave their instrument in the music room will be subject to loss of points, detentions or other discipline. Students should also not leave instruments in lockers, car trunks, or any other unusual places. The purpose of bringing horns home is to practice them. Percussion students are expected to have practice pads, snare sticks, and additional percussion equipment at home to use for practice.   Attendance and Tardiness   Perfect or close to perfect attendance is required for all students participating in an ensemble. While students are expected to learn individual parts outside of band time, it is only in rehearsal time that changes can be made to the group. Students who are not present will consistently miss important information.   Attendance at all performances is absolutely mandatory unless there is a family emergency or the student is too sick to attend. Family dinners, work, and general laziness are not excuses to miss performances or rehearsals. If you know of any family conflicts, such as a siblings wedding, you must complete the Request for Excused Absence form as far in advance as possible (see the Supplemental Forms section for a copy of this form). All absences from performances will be considered unexcused unless this form has been completed AND approved at least a week in advance. If a student must miss due to an emergency or illness, that student or student’s parent is expected to contact Mr. Veile as far as advance as possible (phone or e-mail), even if the emergency occurred the day of the event. This is especially important if the band is traveling to a performance and may be holding for one or two students. If a student must miss a performance due to an emergency or illness, a Request for Excused Absence form must be turn in with-in two school days of the student’s return.   Non-emergency medical appointments, driver’s license examinations, team practices, and other arranged events are not excuses to miss performances or rehearsals. If a student is absent from class time, a school blue slip must be presented for credit to be excused.   As band is a performing medium, attendance and participation at required performances will play a large part in determining a student’s grade. Please see the section on grades for more information.   Tardiness for any reason is simply unacceptable. Students will always be given a call time for any band activity. At this given time students are not to be walking in the door, pulling in the parking lot, or thinking about leaving home. At this time any necessary equipment should be out and ready to use. This includes reeds already on mouthpieces, valves, oiled, and music ready. If a student is at school, but not ready to play, then he/she will be considered tardy. Tardiness will affect grades (see the grading section for information). I will be lenient on tardiness in certain instances, such as icy roads, but please try to plan ahead accordingly. Please note, school policy dictates that four tardies result in the quarter letter grades being lowered one letter.     Private Lessons   All students are encouraged to take private lessons with an area teacher. Private lessons can be one of the best ways for a student to progress on his/her individual instrument. Private lessons allow students to have individualized attention, as well as expose students to music that cannot be covered in a group setting. Private lessons are of additional benefit to those students who will be participating in District and State Solo and Ensemble. Private lessons also earn students additional points towards a music letter.   Band Web Page   The Helias band has a web page, located at http://users.heliashighschool.com/users/eveile. Please visit this pages often to find updated calendars, band notices, and fundraising information and order forms.   Marching Band   The Helias Marching Crusaders meet from early summer through October during most school years. All students are expected to be registered for band class for the full year (including Concert Band) unless pre-approved by Mr. Veile. Color Guard members are encouraged to register for band class for the fall semester. All field show, pre-game, and parade music must be memorized.   Band Camp   Band camps, which are held in the summer, are the most important rehearsals for the marching season. There are several camps, described below:   Wednesday Rehearsals: Starting June 3rd and continuing until the start of full camp, rehearsals will be held every Wednesday evening from 6:00-8:00 (skipping June 10 and July 1). All students are expected to attend all Wednesday evening rehearsals. Excused absences are allowed in certain instances, such as summer camps and family vacation. The focus of these camps is basic marching technique and learning the show music.   Percussion and Color Guard Camps: These camps, also held prior to the start of full band camp, consist of only those students involved in either the color guard and percussion section. Basic technique is learned here, as well as the start of flag routines and percussion music.   Band Camp: Full band camp is held over two-week period in late-July and early-August. This camp involves all members of the Marching Crusaders. At this camp the majority of the attention is focused on learning the marching drill. Much of the time at band camp will be held outside. Students should dress appropriately for summer weather; however, all students must wear shoes appropriate for marching. No sandals, flip-flops, or bare feet are allowed. Band camp will be held July 27-31, and August 3-7. Camp runs from 7 AM-3 PM, with an hour lunch break approximately 11-12. The schedule is subject to change, especially for heat.   Band Camp Fee: A fee of $100 will be assigned to all marching band members for summer rehearsals and will be collected by the school office. This fee will cover insurance for camp and a salary, paid to the directors, for summer hours. Exact details are still being finalized. If you have questions or financial difficulty, please contact Mr. Aur in confidentiality (635-6139). Please note, this fee is different than the band fee.   Competitions   The Marching Crusaders generally participate in 5 marching competitions per year. These competitions allow the students to be evaluated and scored by outside judges, as well as be critiqued by student marchers from other schools. While winning competitions is a goal, it is not the end all of competitions and the marching season. The band is expected to do the absolute best job possible at each competition. Unlike many sports, we cannot control how good or bad our fellow competitors will do on any given day.   Competitions are held out of town on a Saturday. Some competitions will require a very early start to the day (4 am), while some competitions will require a late end to the day (2 am). All competitions are mandatory for all students (see Attendance and Tardiness) for the ENTIRE day. This includes time spent at the competition after we have finished performing. Students may not leave early unless it is for a pre-approved event, such as a family wedding.   All competitions will include a field show performance, with some competitions including a parade competition. When not performing, or transitioning to/from performance, all students are expected to watch other bands. Students should not speak negatively about another school’s band when any non-Helias personnel are in the area.   One meal is generally provided at competitions for all band members and chaperones. The individual student/family must provide additional meals and snacks. All competitions will offer concession stands.     Football Games   There will be a minimum of five home football games per year, attendance at which is mandatory. Games are held at Atkins stadium at Jefferson City High School. Students will meet at Helias prior to the game to load the trailer, rehearse, and change into uniforms. We will carpool to the stadium. Parents will be asked to volunteer to drive for all home games. No students will be allowed to drive.   At home football games the band will perform pre-game music, the Star-Spangled Banner, the field show at half-time, and other music. All students are expected to stay in their assigned seats for the entire game. Students will be excused, in small groups, by the Drum Majors to use the restroom. Our section is for current band students and band alumni only. Significant others, friends, and complete strangers are not to sit in the band section. Any current Interparish Band member is welcome to play with the band in the stands as long as it is not a disruption.   Varsity football players or varsity football cheerleaders are excused from all band activities, with the exception of the half-time field show, before, during, and after home football games.   Parades   The Marching Crusaders typically participate in two non-competitive parades each year – the Helias Homecoming Parade and the Jefferson City Christmas Parade. All marching band members are expected to participate in all parades, with the usual attendance procedures applying. Students who audition for All-State Band will likely have to miss the Christmas Parade due to a date conflict.   Field Lining   Throughout the marching season a group of students/parents may be needed to put lines on the practice field. Students may earn service hours for assisting with this process. If enough volunteers are not found, then each student/family will be assigned a work time.     Uniforms   Concert Band   Please Note: The concert dress for the Concert Band may be modified for the 2009-2010 school year. The description below is from 2008-2009. At the very least we will use this dress code.   Concert Band wears a modified version of concert black for all performances. Please note that navy blue, brown, and dark gray are not black. This concert dress will be worn at all Concert Band performances. The individual students must provide all parts of the concert dress. The dress code is as follows:   Males: 1) Long-sleeve, white button down dress shirt with a collar. Sleeves are to be rolled down and shirttails tucked in. 2) Black dress pants with a black belt. 3) Black dress shoes and black socks. 4) Ties (please avoid bright colors). Males may be required to wear bowties instead ties. A decision will be made either by early in the school year or after the December concert.   Females: Females should dress in all black. Females may wear either 1) a black dress shirt/blouse with black dress pants or a long black skirt 2) a solid black dress. All females should wear black dress shoes (sandals and flip flops never count as dress shoes).   Our goal is to eventually have matching tuxedos for the males and black concert dresses for the female.   Marching Band   Marching band uniforms are much more complex and expensive than Concert Band uniforms. Some parts of the marching uniform are provided by Helias, others by individual students. Each student is responsible for all parts of the checked out to him/her. If any part of the uniform is damaged, the student responsible will be required to pay for replacement parts.   The school will provide students with a uniform jacket, pants, hat, and plume. Students are responsible for gloves, marching shoes (see supplemental forms), and black socks. Students are also required to wear a T-shirt under their uniform jackets (any part that can be seen must be black or navy) and shorts under their uniform pants.   Please note the following estimates of replacement parts: Uniform Coat   $250.00 Uniform Pants $140.00 Plumes            $ 15.00 Hat/Box          $ 60.00   Eating while in uniform is only allowed when absolutely necessary (such as at some competitions). Students may only drink water while in uniform. Do not plan to eat at football games. Schedule your dinner for prior to call time or after the game. Students may not have food brought to them during the game or go to the concession stands. In addition to being very bad for instruments, food is also bad for the uniforms. These uniforms are expensive and must last us for many more years.   All students will be required to own a navy blue school polo shirt (this is replacing the band polo) and show shirt (different each year). These shirts will be worn at competitions and when the band is traveling. If it is very hot at early football games or performances, the band may wear the band polo and khaki pants. We will always wear uniforms at competitions.   Jazz Band   Concert dress for the jazz band varies. Jazz band members may wear concert black, band polos, suits, or dress clothes depending on the performance. Concert dress will be announced prior to each performance.   Supplies   All students are expected to provide certain supplies for their instruments. These supplies are in addition to all uniform pieces mentioned in the prior section. Failure to have the following supplies will result in a loss of points and possible extra discipline. Instruments   Flutes: Music and music folder, cleaning rod and rag.   Clarinets: Four or more reeds in good, working condition, cork grease, music and music folder. Please do not use Rico reeds. I recommend Vandoren or LaVoz reeds.   Saxophones: Four or more reeds in good, working condition, cork grease, neck strap, music and music folder. Please do not use Rico reeds.   Oboe and Bassoon: Two reeds in good, working condition, cork grease, music and music folder.   Trumpets: Valve oil, straight mute, music and music folder.   French Horn/Mellophone: Valve oil, music and music folder.   Trombone: Slide grease, music and music folder.   Tuba: Valve oil, music and music folder.   Percussion: Concert snare sticks, practice pad, marching mallets/sticks (appropriate kind varies by person), music and music folder.   Other Accessories   All students must own a copy of the warm-up/scale book (Foundations for Superior Performance – Richard Williams and Jeff King). This may be purchased at most music stores or through the Book Order Form (Supplemental Forms)   At every inside rehearsal, every student should have a pencil (not pen) for marking music.   At all outside marching rehearsals, every student should have a copy of the drill.   At all inside marching rehearsals, all members should have all marching music (even when memorized).   At all outside marching rehearsals, all section leaders and officers should have drill and music. All other members are encouraged to have these items as well.   Discipline Policy   There are several manners in which discipline will be dealt. As all rehearsals and performances are included in class grades, disruptions will often result in lost points (see Grades). For less/more severe actions and repeat offenses, additional discipline will be used. Some example include:   Detention: Detention can be held before or after school, with times ranging from a few minutes to several hours. As discipline problems generally serve to disrupt the band, detentions will be a time for the student in question to help the band. This service can include cleaning, library organization, or any number of jobs. Students may also be required to set-up field markers or join the field lining crew without service hours. Students are expected to serve the detention at the time and date assigned, regardless of other activities that may be in conflict. Unexcused absences from detention time will result in a doubling of that time. Tardiness to a detention is also unacceptable and will also result in additional time to be served.   Physical discipline: Push-ups, running, etc. will be used at times during the marching season. These are used to allow the offender time to clear his/her head without major disruption to the rest of the ensemble. An individual or the entire group may serve these.   Assignments: Students may be assigned out of class assignments, such as worksheets, papers, or busy work. These are intended to take a significant amount of time to complete.   Additional rehearsal time: For excessive time wasted during rehearsal by a large percentage of the full ensemble, additional rehearsal time will added to make up for lost time. This additional time could be extended rehearsals on weeknights, extra morning rehearsals, or early arrivals before football games/competitions.   In certain cases a student may be suspended from the band program. Any band activity missed during this suspension, be it performance or rehearsal, will be counted as an unexcused absence.   Please note: Rehearsal time is not the time to discuss any discipline actions. Any arguing during this time will result in additional discipline, regardless of the validity of the argument. If there is a problem the student must talk to Mr. Veile outside of rehearsal.   Instrument Rental   In most cases, students are expected to provide their own instruments. This is true of all small instruments (flute, clarinet, alto saxophone, trumpet, trombone, etc.). In the case of larger or more expensive instruments (such as tuba or percussion), the school is able to provide instruments for student use. Students are responsible for the care of any rented instruments. Any damage outside of normal wear and tear must be paid for by the person who damaged the rented instrument. To pay for normal wear and tear there is now a rental fee. A fee of $50 must be paid for each semester a student uses a school instrument ($100 per year). If a student uses an instrument for jazz band only the cost will be $50 per year. In special cases the fee may be waved. Please see the Instrument Rental form in the Supplemental Forms section of the handbook.   Travel Policy   All students will be assigned a bus. Students are expected to ride this bus, and only this bus, to and from all band functions. Attendance will be taken on each bus before the bus leaves each location. The buses are for Helias band members and chaperones only. Do not ask if your friend can ride to a football game with us. If there is extra space, non-chaperone parents may ride to football games and competitions.   All students must complete the Permission to Travel form included in the Supplemental Forms section of the handbook. This form gives students permission to ride with the band and specifies which band parents the student may ride with to or from band activities.   Students should know how to behave on a bus, at food stops, and at destinations. All possible forms of acceptable and unacceptable behavior will not be spelled out here. Keep in mind, if you are not sure if an action is acceptable, DON’T do it.   Any use or possession by a band student of a tobacco product, alcohol, or drugs will result in an immediate suspension/expulsion from the band program and any additional school discipline. This policy includes rehearsals and any band functions.   Please note the following: 1)      All changing of clothes/uniforms will be done on separate buses – not in mixed groups or in public view. 2)      Loud, noisy, rude, or immoral behavior and public use of profanity will not be tolerated. 3)      Sloppy dress, both in and out of uniform, is not allowed. 4)      No footballs or other thrown objects are allowed to be used on the bus. 5)      No CD players, MP3 players, etc. may be used without headphones. Volume must be kept at a reasonable volume and should not be heard by a neighbor. 6)      No standing or sitting on the back of the bus seats. All students should remain seated while the bus is in motion. 7)      The emergency door is for loading/unloading equipment only and should not be used to load/unload bodies unless there is an emergency. 8)      Everyone is responsible for cleaning the bus. No food or drink is allowed without permission of the bus driver. 9)      All directors, chaperones, bus drivers, and fellow students should be treated with respect at all times. 10)  All tobacco, alcohol, and drug items are banned at all times.   Band Trailer   The Helias band trailer will be used for most band activities that involve moving large amounts of equipment (primarily during marching season). All students will be assigned dates to help load the trailer prior to departure for performances. Students who do not help at their assigned time will lose points and face additional disciplinary action. If you cannot help at your time it is your responsibility to find a replacement. All percussion section members are expected to help load before all events (as the bulk of the load is percussion equipment). When assigned to an event, you are expected to help load and unload the trailer every time it is necessary. This may be multiple times for some events, such as competitions. When the trailer returns to Helias following a performance, all members are expected to move equipment back to the music room. Those who leave without helping will lose points and face additional discipline. Unless specifically told, no uniforms should be removed until the trailer is empty (you may deposit your hatbox and jacket inside if you so desire). The loading/unloading schedule will be posted at a later date.     Music Letters   Students involved in the music program at Helias program at Helias High School may earn a music letter. This letter may be worn on a letter jacket and is intended to represent the hard work and dedication put in by those who earn a letter. Most students will be able to earn a letter in one year of band, with up to four letters possible in a high school career. Only students who are in good standing with the band are eligible for letters. Being selected to the Missouri All-State Band, Choir, Orchestra or Jazz Band or earning a I rating at State Solo and Ensemble earn students in good standing an automatic letter.   Music Room Use   When a director is present, students are free to use the music room before or after school for practice or study. If a rehearsal is in progress, those students not involved should be quiet. If you need to talk, please go out in the hall or in a closet.   Food or drink is allowed before or after rehearsal only if all trash is properly disposed of into the appropriate trashcan or recycling bin. Water bottles are allowed during rehearsal if properly disposed of after the rehearsal. Improperly discarded food items will result in food privileges being revoked.   Instruments and music are to be put away in their assigned locations after every band activity.   The music room is not a locker. Please leave all personal belongings in your locker. If space allows a designated area will be assigned where students can leave school items. This space must be kept clean. The band and school are not responsible for any items left in the music room.   The music room is not a place for vandals or other stupid people. People caught dismantling trophies, writing on walls, breaking into the instrument closet, stealing personal items, band items, or money, sabotaging instruments, rummaging through band booster items (all things that have happened before), or doing any other stupid actions will be dealt with severely.   The music library is off-limits to all students without permission. Do not root through cabinets or music files. This applies to the mailboxes used by the choir.       Fundraising Note: Helias is in the process of revamping organization fundraising. More information will be available at a future date.   Though the school does provide financial support and band fees are charged, money will periodically need to be raised to help support the music program at Helias. All students are expected to participate in all fundraisers. Our funding program includes:   1)      We have eliminated all fundraisers that involve selling stuff (fruit, bread, random junk, etc.) and instead are focusing on donations from alumni and friends of Helias. 2)      We will hold periodic FUNraisers to purchase new equipment. These typically include a Gumbo Dinner with student performances and a Trivia Night. 3)      Fees are still collected from all students. Band an Color Guard students pay $100 band camp fee (to pay directors, instructors, drill, etc) and a $115 band fee (to help cover music, travel, etc.). Choir students pay a $50 choir fee (to cover music, travel, etc.). Show Choir will also have a fee.     Extracurricular Activities   Students are allowed and encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities outside of the band program. However, there are a few stipulations to this involvement.   1)      Most band performances take precedence over any other activities. The only exceptions are for State events in the other activity that conflict with smaller events such as parades. Band performances take precedence over all practices for sports events or regularly scheduled meetings. 2)      Band performances take precedence over all JV, sophomore, and freshmen games. All varsity game conflicts will be dealt with on a case-by-case basis. 3)      Sporting events or other competitions take precedence over rehearsals. 4)      State Band Contest takes precedence over everything. 5)      All schedules should be checked for conflicts as early as possible. Fall sports should have all conflicts worked out by the start of band camp. 6)      All conflicts must be approved in advance using the Request for Excused Absence form (supplemental forms). 7)      All events not covered above will be dealt with on a case-by-case basis. The sooner a conflict is brought to the attention of Mr. Veile, the more likely it can be worked out. 8)      Please remember that band is a graded class, unlike most other school events.   Instrument Care   All students are expected to keep their instrument in top working order. This includes keeping all required supplies on hand, cleaning the instrument regularly, and putting the instrument away correctly. Please avoid exposing your instrument to intense heat or cold. Students should not chew gum, eat, or drink non-water beverages while playing their instrument. If you must eat before playing, other than percussion, you should try to brush your teeth, or at least wash your mouth out with water. Do not throw instruments, drag them on the floor, lean on them, step on them, use them in a sword fight, leave them on a stand or do any dangerous things with them. Instruments are expensive, but will last for many years if cared for properly.   Miscellaneous Band Events   The following are optional events (except State Contest) that all students are encouraged to consider.   State Contest   State Contest is held yearly in the spring at various locations around the state (we perform at JCHS). This is the most important performance the Concert Band will give each year. At this event the band performs approximately 15 minutes of music for three judges. These judges, who are often college directors or well-respected high school directors, grade the band on a variety of criteria. Each judge then grades the band from I (Outstanding) – V (You shouldn’t have shown up). After performing for these judges the band then must sight-read a piece of music for a different judge. This judge grades the band on criteria such as correct pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and articulation. The four scores are then totaled and an overall score is given. A I-rating, though difficult to achieve, is given to the best bands in Missouri.     Solo and Ensemble   Also held yearly in the spring at various locations throughout the state, Solo and Ensemble is a chance for students to work on solos or small groups. These pieces are prepared and performed for a judge who rates all pieces on the same I-V scale used for State Contest. Those students who earn a I rating at District Solo and Ensemble (we go to JCHS) are then eligible to perform at State Solo and Ensemble (at Mizzou). Here students are again rated, though on a more difficult scale. Only the finest solos or ensembles in the state are able to earn a State I rating. All Helias students, in good standing, who earn a State I rating receive automatic music letters.     District/State Band   Auditions for District Band and District Jazz Band are held in early October. Those selected to a district band attend an all day clinic in November (Concert Band) or January (Jazz Band), which is followed by a concert of the prepared music. Guest conductors are hired to work with these bands. Those students who are selected to an all-district band are then eligible to audition in December for the All-State Band. Those selected to an All-State Band then spend four days at the Missouri Music Educators Conference in January working in clinics with the guest conductor. These clinics are followed by a concert. Students, in good standing, selected to an All-State band earn automatic letters.   Music Theory   All students entering their sophomore, junior, or senior years are encouraged to register for Music Theory. This one semester class focuses on the basics of music, such as rhythm, pitch, chords, and scales. The more advanced the class the more advanced the material. If there is sufficient interest, a second semester of music theory may be able to be offered. Supplemental Forms   Enclosed are the following forms. Please note the due date on each form.   1)      Updated Calendar 2)      Medical Form (Due June 17th) 3)      Book Order Form (Due July 8th) 4)      Information Sheet (Due June 17th) 5)      School Instrument Rental (Due when horn is rented) 6)      Request for Excused Absence (Due as soon as possible before all conflicts) 7)      Permission to Ride Form (Due July 8th) 8)      Summer Band Fee Form (due with money by July 27th) 9)      Participation Contract (Due June 17th)   Music Calendar 2009-2010 June 3 Wednesday Evening Rehearsal 6-8 PM - Helias ACT Test Dates September 12 October 24 December 12 February 6 April 10 June 12     17 Wednesday Evening Rehearsal 6-8 PM - Helias 24 Wednesday Evening Rehearsal 6-8 PM - Helias   July 8 Wednesday Evening Rehearsal 6-8 PM - Helias 15 Wednesday Evening Rehearsal 6-8 PM - Helias 22 Wednesday Evening Rehearsal 6-8 PM - Helias 27-31 Band Camp 7 AM-3 or 4 PM (time varies by day) - Helias   August 3-7 Band Camp 7 AM – 3 or 4 PM (time varies by day) – Helias 10-14 Show Choir Camp 12-14 Teacher Meetings 11 Evening Rehearsal 5:30-8:30 PM - Helias 13 Evening Rehearsal 5:30-8:30 PM - Helias 17/18 Half Days of School 19 First Full Day of School/Start of after-school rehearsals 29 Home Game (Waynesville) – 7 PM - JCHS   September  5 Home Game (Gateway) 7 PM – JCHS 7 No School (Labor Day), Rehearsal TBD 12 ACT Test 13 Music BBQ – Helias 14 No School (Golf Tournament) Rehearsal TBD 19 Marching Competition –Alton and Edwardsville 26 Marching Competition – Carrollton   October 3 Marching Competition – CMU/Washington/Blue Springs 3 Home Game (Rockbridge) 1 PM 5 No School (Teacher’s Institute) – Rehearsal TBD 9 Home Game (Beaumont) 7 PM 10 Marching Competition – Potosi 17 Possible Marching Competition – Francis Howell Central 23 Homecoming Parade 24 Home Game (Kirksville) 7 PM – Homecoming 24 ACT Test 26 No School, No Rehearsal 31 Possible Marching Competition - Mizzou 28 or 29 Choir Concert – Miller Center   November 7 District Band (Camdenton) 7 Choir Concert with Show-Me Showboaters (Miller) 14 District Choir (Waynesville) TBD Playoff Football Games   December 4 Living Windows (Jazz Band and Concert Choir) 5 Christmas Parade 5 State Band Auditions 12 ACT Test 14 Band and Choir Christmas Concert (Miller)   March 25 Piano District Solos 26 Band State Music Festival 27 Choir State Music Festiva; 27 District Solo and Ensemble   April 29 State Solo and Ensemble   May 13 Spring Band and Choir Concert (Miller)     Medical Form     I/We the undersigned, being the parent, legal next of kin, or legal guardian of (student’s name) ________________________, hereby authorize any necessary medical treatment for said student during the time in which he/she is traveling with the Helias High School Bands or Choirs.   I/We authorize any parent, chaperone, or director to take said student to a local hospital for medical treatment in case of an emergency, illness, or injury.   I/We authorize any attending physician to medically treat said student as deemed appropriate and guarantee payment of all charge incurred during the course of said medical treatment (physician, hospital, emergency room, x-rays, lab, medications, ambulance, etc.)     Name of Student ___________________________________________ Name of Parent/Guardian __________________________________ Address ____________________________________________________ Home Phone ____________________ Cell Phone _______________________ Work Phone _____________________ Alternate Contact Person _____________________________ Relationship __________________________ Contact Number(s) _____________________ Family Physician _____________________ Phone Number _________________________   Does the student have any allergies __________ If Yes, please explain _____________________________________________________________   __________________________________________________________________________________ Does the student take any medications? ________ If Yes, please explain _____________________________________________________________   __________________________________________________________________________________ Please list any special needs or problems we need to be aware of: __________________   __________________________________________________________________________________   Name of Insurance Company: ____________________________________________________ Policy Number: __________________________________________________________________   Signature of Parent/Guardian ___________________________________________________ Date __________________   Scale Book Order Form     Please complete and return this forms if you need to order a copy of the warm-up book, Foundations for Superior Performance. This book is required for all band students and will be used for Concert Band warm-ups and scale playing tests. Checks should be payable to Helias High School.       Name ________________________________________   Instrument(s) ordered ___________________________   Total Number of books ___________   $7 ($10 for percussion) per book ___________   Amount enclosed ___________ 2009-2010 Information Sheet (Please Print Neatly)   Student Name ____________________________ Year in School ________________________   Parent Names ______________________________________________________________________   Address __________________________________________________________________________   Student Cell ______________________ (Text? ______) Home Phone _______________________ Parent Cell(s) _____________________ (Text? _____) Parent(s) Work ______________________   Student E-mail ___________________________________________________________________   Parent E-mail ____________________________________________________________________   Primary Instrument played _______________________________________________________   Secondary Instrument(s) played ___________________________________________________   Instrument brand, model and serial numbers (any instruments used with any band activity) __________________________________________________________________________   __________________________________________________________________________________   Years playing primary instrument _________________________________________________   Years playing secondary instrument(s) ____________________________________________   School Instrument Rental Form ($50 per semester – Checks payable to Helias High School)     Name _____________________________________   Instrument Rented ________________________   Brand, Model, Serial Number ____________________________________________________   Problems when checked out ______________________________________________________   __________________________________________________________________________________     New problems when check in _____________________________________________________   __________________________________________________________________________________   Date Checked Out _____________________ Date Checked In _______________________   Checked out by _________________________ Checked in by ________________________   Amount/Date Paid ______________________________________________________________     Request for Excused Absence This form must be completed and turned in at least one week in advance of any anticipated absence by a band student. (Excluding extreme emergencies). Requests known about further than one week in advance are expected to be turned in as far in advance as possible (Weddings, etc.).     Student Name __________________________________ Today’s Date __________   Date of anticipated absence ___________________   Reason for absence ___________________________________________________   _______________________________________________________________________   _______________________________________________________________________   * Please note: Be specific! I must have enough information to be able to determine whether or not an absence may be excused. “Important matters”, “Family reasons”, etc. do not give me an opportunity to excuse a student.     Parent’s Signature ________________________________________   Date _____________________________________   Student’s Signature _______________________________________     **** FILLING OUT THIS FORM DOES NOT GUARANTEE THAT THE ABSENCE WILL BE EXCUSED. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STUDENT/PARENT TO FOLLOW UP WITH FURTHER INFORMATION OR MAKE-UP WORK.     ________EXCUSED ________UNEXCUSED     Notes: _______________________________________________________________________   ______________________________________________________________________________   ______________________________________________________________________________   ______________________________________________________________________________       Director’s Signature ____________________________________ Date _________ Permission to Ride   Helias Policy States: Helias High School is responsible and liable for the safety and welfare of all representatives of Helias during trips to and from interscholastic contests and events. All students MUST ride both to and from all contests and events in the transportation provided by Helias High School. The only exceptions to this policy are that a student may, with prior approval of the head coach or the activity advisor and after having been properly signed out, ride home from an event with his/her parent(s). Further, students, with written permission from their parent, may, with prior approval of the head coach or activity advisor, ride home from an event with another parent or adult family member as specified in the note [for example: My child has permission to ride home from ________ (town) with Mr./Mrs. ____________________ on _________(date)].   The coach or advisor will have a form at each event on which parents who are in attendance may sign out their child. It is imperative that no student leaves, even with his or her own parent(s), until this form is signed.   Helias frequently asks parents to help provide transportation to school events in an effort to reduce expenses. It is important that everyone involved understands that if a parent’s vehicle is being used to transport students, the parent’s auto policy would respond in the event of a claim.   Parent Permission Slip Music Transportation 2009-2010   Name of Student _________________________________   In some circumstances, as a cost saving measure, Helias asks parents to drive students to and from activities.   Please respond to the following:   ______ I give my child permission to ride to and from band events with the parents of other participants.   ______ I do not give permission for my child to ride with other parents. If possible a director will transport my child, otherwise I will be responsible for the transportation of my child to and from the event. ______ I give my child to ride to events in the Jefferson City area with current high school music members.   Please note: If you do not grant permission for your child to ride with other parents/students, you will be responsible for the transportation of your student whenever a bus is not being used.   Signature of Parent(s) ________________________________________ Date __________   If you give your child permission to ride with only certain parents, please list the parent(s) with whom your child may ride. It is recommended that you allow all parents to transport your child whenever a bus is not in use.   __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________   Summer Band Camp Fee   All band and color guard students are responsible for a $100 band camp fee. Checks should be written to Helias High School.     Name ___________________________________________   Date ____________________________________________   Form of Payment: Cash Check Helias Band Participation Contract   Student Name ____________________________________     I, _________________________ (student name), pledge, by signing this contract, that I will be a member of the Helias Band Program for the 2009-20109 school year.   I pledge that (pay extra attention to point #1):   Ø  I will not drop band class for any reason during the 2008-2009 school year as long as I am enrolled at Helias High School. Ø  I will be enrolled for band class both semesters unless special arrangement has already been made with Mr. Veile (does not apply to color guard). Ø  I will attend all required performances, rehearsals, and camps. Ø  I will give my full effort at all band functions. Ø  I understand that band is a class that earns academic credit, thus I need to give band priority over non-academic activities. Ø  If I have any questions or concerns regarding the band program I will approach a director, drum major, or officer for assistance before the question becomes a bigger problem. Ø  Though I will not always agree with everything the directors will have the band do, I understand that everything is always with the best interest of the band in mind. Ø  I will take my instrument home and practice regularly.. Ø  I will pay all fees in a timely manner. Ø  I will participate in all fundraisers or pay out-of pocket my portion of the fundraiser. Ø  I have read the Helias Band Handbook and agree to follow all of the policies and procedures contained with-in. I understand that I am responsible for all information contained in the handbook. Ø  I will take full responsibility for all of my actions as a member of the band program.       Student Signature __________________________________________   Parent Signature ___________________________________________   Helias & Interparish Band Booster Membership Form   Student Name_______________________________________________   School________________________ Grade__________   Ensemble (circle) Band Color Guard Concert Choir Chorus Show Choir   Parent’s Name(s)_____________________________________________     Membership Type*   Helias ($30) ______ Family ($30) _____ IPB ($20) _____     Form of Payment: __ Cash __ Check (Check #____________________)         *Membership Types: Helias - A member of Helias Band or Auxiliary who has no siblings in either Helias or Interparish bands. Family – A member of either Helias Band, Helias Auxiliary, or Interparish Band who has a sibling also in any of the above. IPB – A member of the Interparish Band who has no siblings in any of the above.           Helias Marching Crusaders 2009-2010 T-shirt Design Contest   Please fill out and attach this form to your design. Designs must be submitted by July 31.     Guidelines   Designs should:   Reflect the theme of your field show. (Magic) Contain the words ‘Helias Marching Crusaders’ May be a design for just the front of a shirt or a small design for the front and large design for the back. Shirts will likely be black or navy blue. Plan your design accordingly. Return all designs to Mr. Veile by the end of the first week band camp.     Designs must NOT:   Be offensive or obscene. Contain copyrighted material.     GOOD LUCK!           Name:_____________________________________ Grade:_________ HELIAS BAND AND AUXILIARY ORDER FORM www.heliasband.org       2008 FIELD SHOW T-SHIRT $ 10.00 Students (Band and Auxiliary) are required to purchase a season show shirt to wear under their uniform, and for casual band events. Family or friends may also purchase a season shirt to show support for band and auxiliary.   MARCHING CRUSADER POLO SHIRT $ 20.00-26.00 Students (Band and Auxiliary) are required to purchase a navy blue school polo shirt (from the school book store) to wear as our secondary uniform at some competitions and school performances. Band members may purchase Marching Crusader shirts to wear. These shirts are navy with marching crusader crest and are worn with khaki pants. Students may purchase a new shirt if it is outgrown, damaged or lost at any time. Family or friends may also purchase a polo shirt to show support for the crusaders with the option of the crest having Band Parent stitched under it. BLACK BAND MEMBER GLOVES $ 5.00 for two pairs Black band member gloves are purchased new by all students and are yours to keep. Students may purchase new ones at any time if they are lost, damaged or forgotten. (Percussionists do not need gloves. Auxiliary members do not need these gloves.)   BLACK SOCKS $ 5.00 Band members and Auxiliary must wear black socks with their uniform. If a band or auxiliary member forgets their socks, they will be charged for the new pair of socks that they receive before the performance. These socks are yours to keep now.                                   HELIAS BAND AND AUXILIARY ORDER FORM   Student Name ________________________________Grade _____ Band □ Aux. □   Parent Name__________________________________________________________     PLEASE RETURN ORDER TO: Mr. Veile by July 31   ‘09 SHOW SHIRT: Sm._______Md._______Lg._______XL._______XXL._______ Quantity __________ X $10.00 = $____________ POLO SHIRT: ( 2XX & 3XXX $4.00 extra)   Band Member (‘Helias Marching Crusaders’ & Crusader Logo): Sm.____Md.____Lg.____XL.____XXL.____ Quantity _____ X $20.00 = $_________   Band Parent (‘Helias’, Crusader Logo & ‘Band Parent’): Sm.___Md.___Lg.___XL.___XXL.___ XXXL___Quantity ____ X $22.00 =$________     GLOVES: Sm____Md____Lg____XL____Quantity ________ X $5.00 = $ __________   SOCKS: Quantity __________ X $5.00 = $ ____________     Make Checks payable to Helias Music Boosters   TOTAL: $________________________